Crisis in Education Sector!

I recently came across a caption on a friend’s Facebook page. It was titled “Two percent passed WAEC (West African Examinations Council) Exam in Oyo State”. After reading the caption, the questions I asked the poster were, how many of supposed successful candidates ‘bought’ questions prior to sitting for the exams. How many wrote the exams by proxy? How many colluded with examiners to have their results manipulated? For me these are reasonable questions to ask considering how desperate Nigerian students have become recently. Anyway, that’s not the issue here.


From east to west, north to south, evidence of the deplorable state of our education system are very glaring. Just like other sectors, the nation’s education system has been on a steady decline in the 20 years. Both the quality of teaching and infrastructure have been severely impacted by the comatose state of the education system. As we know, incessant school closures due to strike action have been the norm of the day. In fact, it will be considered unusual not to have schools shut down in any given academic year.

Also, most of the classrooms in Nigerian schools are dilapidated, sub-standard and unfit for human habitation. There have been cases of school buildings that have collapsed killing children in some parts of Nigeria.

Whilst the performance of Oyo state candidates looks very depressing to say the least, the fact remains that no state of the federation holds the monopoly of poor education performance. Lagos state is also not left behind in the race towards educational failure.

According to recent statistics released by the Lagos Ministry of Education, there’s been a decline of about 43 per cent in the enrolment figure between public primary and senior secondary school students, while there is about 31 per cent drop in the enrolment figure of primary school pupils by the time they move to junior secondary schools. The question one will ask is, where do these pupils go when they drop out of secondary school?

Only few weeks ago, WAEC noted Nigeria's performance in the 2009 SSCE as only 25 per cent(!). However, Head of WAEC National Office, Iyi Uwadiae was quick to point out that, we can take consolation in the fact that, Nigeria’s performance is the best among member countries, which include Ghana, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia. According to Iyi Uwadiae, "In our excellence award, Nigeria dominated. Nigerian candidates are doing very well,"

With 25 percent performance, it’s very disappointing to hear the Head of WAEC saying “Nigerian candidates are doing well”. So what exactly is the benchmark for measuring examination success? Why are we so fond of celebrating mediocrity? I consider Mr Uwadiea’s statement ludicrous.

Mr Uwadiae can say whatever he likes. As one will expect, he has chosen to be ‘patriotic’ rather than been objective in his comments. His statement however does not take anything away from the fact that our education system is comatose. Can his statement be accepted as evidence that our education system is better than that of Ghana? For me, the answer is No! If we do indeed outperform our neighbours, then why are Nigerians sending their wards to Ghana for secondary school education? Why have places like Benin and Togo, all of sudden become a destination for Nigerian students?

The result is a strong indictment of our education system. It exemplifies the rot in the education system. Is it not pathetic that our standards have now fallen so low, that the nation’s foremost assessing authority now considers 25 percent performance as “success”.

With the current state of education system, it doesn’t come as a surprise that 23million Nigerian youths are unemployable. As they say, “knowledge is power”. No nation can excel without investment in quality education aimed at economic growth. The lack of investment in quality education is putting our youths at a huge disadvantage. The world is now a global village. Nigeria is not just competing with, Gambia, Ghana and Sierra Leone.

But with the continuous decline in our education system, how can Nigerian youths compete with their counterparts from other parts of the globe?

The National Youth Service Corps Program

Does the NYSC program have any more relevance? Should graduates still be compelled to a one-year national service? Should the program be discontinued?

It was recently reported in the media that the Director-General of the NYSC, Brig. General Maharzu Tsiga raised the alarm that the number of graduating students would soon rise to half a million per year from the current 80,000, saying there is therefore the need to expand orientation camps and build NYSC lodges across the country.

As we may know, the NYSC scheme was created in May 1973 in a bid to reconstruct, reconcile and rebuild the country after the Nigerian Civil war. It was established with a view of proper encouragement and development of common ties and promotion of national unity among youths. And one of the expectations of the program is that "Corps" members should be posted to cities and states far from home and states of origin, where they are expected to mix with people of other tribes, social and family backgrounds, to learn the culture of the indigenes in the place they are posted to.

There is also no doubt that the program has provided immense benefits to few people and local communities. For example, there are university graduates who landed their “dream” jobs, thanks to the NYSC program. Also, there are communities who have benefitted from the services offered by Corp members, some of which may not have been provided by the government. It also worth adding that, the program has encouraged inter-tribal marriages among university graduates.

However, the current state NYSC program is another demonstration of government failure. The program has lost its value due to failure of successive governments to provide adequate funding. Some of the orientation camps lack basic facilities such as water, functional sewage system, electricity, etc. The living conditions in some of these camps are not any different from that of a “refugee camp”.

The same can also be said about the inadequate job posting for Corp members. Following 3-week orientation program, Corp members run around the streets - sometimes like headless chickens - looking for job placements. Some are even exploited by prospective employers, who sometimes see them as a source of “cheap labour”.

From the comments of the D-G, it is clear that the Federal Government has no vision for the NYSC program. Considering the rapid population growth and ever increasing desire of the average Nigerian to acquire University/Polytechnic degree, we do not a brain surgeon to tell us that number of graduating students will increase. I’m therefore not sure why such an obvious situation can be described as” alarming” by the media.

Why will any Government subject young graduates to a compulsory national service without adequate provision for their welfare? Why will any Government expect a graduate to travel 400km away from home without providing him or her with basic amenities?

Unfortunately, the program has become a “cash cow” for corrupt civil servants and government cronies. Every year, inflated contracts worth Nbillions are awarded to government cronies for supply of clothing, food etc. While the value of contract has been increasing at an exponential rate, the quality and quantity of products supplied have been decreasing steadily. And this is one of the major reason why certain elements within and out of the bureaucracy will not support scrapping the program.

For me, the NYSC program needs a total overhaul. The overhaul needs to start with the agency itself. The endemic corruption in the agency has contributed immensely to the decay of the program. Also, the Government needs to come out with a vision for the program. There is no point telling us that Corp member will increase to half a million, without a commensurate action plan. Now that we know, what planning is the NYSC undertaking in this regard. How do they intend to deal with this challenge? Do they intend to undertake a review of the program?

The need to make the program compulsory needs be re-evaluated. It should be evaluated within the context of funding availability and affordability. If the Government cannot afford to fund the program adequately, then it should say so. If the government cannot afford to fund the program, then I see no point why it should continue to be compulsory.

Going forward I will suggest three options to the government. The first option is for government to provide adequate funding for Corp members’ welfare and basic amenities. The second option is to make the program voluntary. This still provides an opportunity for graduates who are keen to undertake a “national service” and explore other parts of Nigeria. The program should also be more flexible to allow Corp members to move between states within the service year in order to broaden their exposure. The third option is total cancellation of the program - which I don’t think is a good idea because of its wider benefits.

A program that was created thirty-six years ago for sure needs a review. The current decay in the program should not be allowed to perpetuate. Some of the reasons for starting the program are likely to be irrelevant in modern day thinking.